[
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Utility solar",
    "incumbent": "New coal power",
    "india_stage": "Mass market",
    "world_stage": "Mass market",
    "evidence": "Auction tariffs against new coal tariffs; share of capacity added",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 3,
    "world_rank": 3
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Firm solar and wind with storage",
    "incumbent": "Coal baseload",
    "india_stage": "Early market",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "FDRE and round-the-clock tender tariffs",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 1,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Grid batteries",
    "incumbent": "Gas and coal peaking",
    "india_stage": "Early market",
    "world_stage": "Cost parity",
    "evidence": "BESS tender tariffs, GWh installed",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 1,
    "world_rank": 2
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Pumped storage",
    "incumbent": "Gas and coal peaking",
    "india_stage": "Early market",
    "world_stage": "Mass market",
    "evidence": "GW under construction, tariff per kWh shifted",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 1,
    "world_rank": 3
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Sodium-ion batteries",
    "incumbent": "Lithium-ion batteries",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "Cell cost per kWh, factory announcements turning into output",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Offshore wind",
    "incumbent": "Onshore wind and coal",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "First Indian tenders, global cost per MWh",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Large nuclear",
    "incumbent": "Coal baseload",
    "india_stage": "Early market",
    "world_stage": "Mass market",
    "evidence": "Units under construction, cost per kW, private participation",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 1,
    "world_rank": 3
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Small modular reactors",
    "incumbent": "Large reactors and coal",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "evidence": "First-of-a-kind cost, units under construction",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 0
  },
  {
    "sector": "Power",
    "challenger": "Enhanced geothermal",
    "incumbent": "Gas baseload",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "evidence": "Pilot output, drilling cost per well",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 0
  },
  {
    "sector": "Transport",
    "challenger": "Electric 3-wheelers",
    "incumbent": "ICE 3-wheelers",
    "india_stage": "Mass market",
    "world_stage": "Mass market",
    "evidence": "Share of 3-wheeler sales",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 3,
    "world_rank": 3
  },
  {
    "sector": "Transport",
    "challenger": "Electric 2-wheelers",
    "incumbent": "Petrol 2-wheelers",
    "india_stage": "Early market",
    "world_stage": "Mass market",
    "evidence": "Share of 2-wheeler sales; purchase price gap without subsidy",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 1,
    "world_rank": 3
  },
  {
    "sector": "Transport",
    "challenger": "Electric cars",
    "incumbent": "ICE cars",
    "india_stage": "Early market",
    "world_stage": "Cost parity",
    "evidence": "Share of car sales; purchase price parity by segment",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 1,
    "world_rank": 2
  },
  {
    "sector": "Transport",
    "challenger": "Electric buses and trucks",
    "incumbent": "Diesel buses and trucks",
    "india_stage": "Early market",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "Fleet tenders, total cost of ownership per km",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 1,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Fuels",
    "challenger": "First-generation ethanol blending",
    "incumbent": "Petrol",
    "india_stage": "Mass market",
    "world_stage": "Mass market",
    "evidence": "Blend rate achieved, feedstock mix (cane, grain)",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 3,
    "world_rank": 3
  },
  {
    "sector": "Fuels",
    "challenger": "Second-generation ethanol and compressed biogas",
    "incumbent": "Petrol, CNG and LPG",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "Plants operating at capacity, cost per litre or kg",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Fuels",
    "challenger": "Sustainable aviation fuel",
    "incumbent": "Jet fuel",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "Blending mandates, offtake contracts, cost premium",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Fuels",
    "challenger": "Synthetic fuels (e-methanol, e-ammonia, e-kerosene)",
    "incumbent": "Fossil fuels",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "evidence": "Delivered cost, first commercial plants",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 0
  },
  {
    "sector": "Fuels",
    "challenger": "Green hydrogen",
    "incumbent": "Grey hydrogen",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "evidence": "Delivered cost per kg, offtake contracts signed",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 0
  },
  {
    "sector": "Fuels",
    "challenger": "Coal gasification",
    "incumbent": "Imported gas, methanol and ammonia",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Mass market",
    "evidence": "Gasification projects financed, syngas cost against LNG",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 3
  },
  {
    "sector": "Industry",
    "challenger": "Hydrogen-based green steel",
    "incumbent": "Blast furnace steel",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "evidence": "Plants financed, cost premium per tonne",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 0
  },
  {
    "sector": "Industry",
    "challenger": "Carbon capture",
    "incumbent": "Unabated coal and gas",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "Tonnes captured, cost per tonne, storage sites",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Industry",
    "challenger": "Industrial heat pumps and thermal storage",
    "incumbent": "Fossil boilers",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "Installations in process industry, cost per GJ of heat",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 1
  },
  {
    "sector": "Buildings",
    "challenger": "Electric cooking",
    "incumbent": "LPG",
    "india_stage": "Lab or pilot",
    "world_stage": "Early market",
    "evidence": "Household adoption, LPG refill rates",
    "judgement": "draft",
    "india_rank": 0,
    "world_rank": 1
  }
]